Banobagi Plastic Surgery

Blood pressure: It refers to the in-vein pressure when the heart sends oxygen and nutrition throughout the body via the blood. High or low blood pressure can mean danger during surgery, so blood pressure must be checked.

Height and weight: body mass index is used to determine obesity. Male standard weight = height (m)2 × 22 Female standard weight = height (m)2 × 21

Obesity test: actual weight divided by standard weight

Blood transfusion crossmatching
Blood of the receiver and the donors is cross-checked for coagulation, preparing for any blood transfusion needs.

Cell blood count test
The patient is checked for anemia from red blood cell shape and stainability, as well as average hemoglobin concentration.

Blood coagulation test (PT/PTT)
Before the surgery, the patient is checked for thrombocyte and coagulation factors, preparing for any risk involved with bleeding.

Tumor marker is a cancer-alerting matter that allows us to determine the presence of cancer and monitor the progress after cancer treatment: testing for tumor marker is a clinical way of early cancer detection. Cancer detection test can determine whether the patient can undergo surgery.

There are various cancer factors, but they mostly fall under four rough categories:
① Physical factors (e.g., UV light, burns, radioactivity, etc.)
② Chemical factors (e.g., preservatives, artificial flavoring, heavy metal, etc.)
③ Virus (e.g., hepatitis B and C, HPV, etc.)
④ Innate factors (e.g., genetics, family history, etc.)

Heavy metal testing is carried out using urine, hair, or blood. The amount of harmful heavy metal and essential minerals within the hair is analyzed to determine heavy metal contamination and nutrition, creating a personalized diet plan that can prevent illnesses.

Symptoms of heavy metal poisoning are as follows:
· Mercury (Hg): chronic fatigue, insomnia, arthritis, depression, anxiety, loss of appetite, etc.
· Aluminum (Al): decreased kidney function, memory loss, linguistic difficulties, lowered immunity, etc.
· Lead (Pb): stomach troubles, dental cavities, muscle pain, anxiety, inability to focus, premature childbirth, etc.

Ultrasound imaging can check the breast tissues and the implants real-time, as well as identifying any cyst, benign, or malignant tumor. Our resident breast surgery specialist first-handedly examines the breasts, and if any tumor is found, we can safely remove them.

If needed, mammography can be added to provide a safer and more professional surgery.

Can be measured through active oxygen and antioxidant level within the blood.

The results are returned within 7 min, and the test needs no more than a few drops of blood.

Based on the results, necessary fluid therapy for treatment can be identified.

Finger and knee joints are checked for growth plate openness to determine whether the patient can undergo osteotomy.

X-Ray imaging is not limited to the frontal view: the body is imaged under a variety of angles (e.g., sides, panorama, etc.) to allow for a three-dimensional prediction of the surgery area.

The three-dimensional imaging can determine the density difference between various facial bone tissues and identify the nerve paths: it is a test necessary before surgery.

This plays a critical role in making a diagnosis on the musculoskeletal system, determining the surgical approach, and predicting surgery results.

The temporomandibular joint is the only bilateral joint in our body and is one of the most-used joints during our lifetime.

The joint may undergo a change from the habitual consumption of hard-to-chew food, unhealthy posture, or stress; and an injury in the joint can cause facial asymmetry and even destroy the balance of our entire body.

TMJ test can identify asymmetries: correcting and treating them can create a more beautiful face.

The heart—unlike skeletal muscles that need motor-nerve stimuli to contract—is an involuntary muscle that automatically and regularly creates electrical stimuli within the heart tissue. Therefore, the heart is prone to various malfunctions, including tachycardia, spasms or premature arterial beating, etc.

Because maintaining heartbeat and rhythm during general anesthesia is critical in surgical safety, it is a necessary test.

The test checks for a decrease in bone density by comparing the results to a normal bone density level.

For a stable recovery after osteotomy (e.g., in cheekbones or double-chin surgeries), whether the patient is maintaining normal bone density level must be checked.

Urine is waste created by the kidney after blood filtering: it includes a variety of metabolism byproducts: this tells us much about internal secretion and metabolism health.

This is a basic test given to every patient before surgery, but it is nonetheless important.

The kidney controls body fluid, electrolyte, acidity, and salinity: it also has the critical role of removing waste from the blood. This kidney function may decrease because of side effects from various illnesses or the kidney itself failing. Before any surgery, damage to kidney function must be determined to properly adjust the drug levels.

Test categories
① Physical factors (e.g., UV light, burns, radioactivity, etc.)
② Chemical factors (e.g., preservatives, artificial flavoring, heavy metal, etc.)
③ Virus (e.g., hepatitis B and C, HPV, etc.)
④ Innate factors (e.g., genetics, family history, etc.)

The liver is one of the essential organs that sustain life: it is in charge of protein synthesis, glucose/carbohydrate metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, drug metabolism, etc.

If the liver is not functioning normally, drug metabolism becomes limited, posing a danger. The liver must be treated first, and any drug that can affect the liver adversely should be avoided.

Test categories:
T. protein, albumin, T. bilirubin, GOT, GPT, r-GPT, LDG, ALT, T. Cholesterol, HBsAG, anti-HBs, AFP

Symptoms include hyperglycemia—raised blood glucose level—and a variety of other symptoms caused by it: glucose can be detected within the urine.

Diabetes is detected through a blood test. If the blood glucose level after at least 8 hr of fasting is over 126 mg/dL or over 200 mg/dL 2 hr after an oral glucose tolerance test, the patient is considered diabetic. Diabetic patients hydrate more, urinate more, and lose weight. Moreover, whenever a patient’s blood glucose level exceeds 200 mg/dL regardless of meal intake, it can be considered diabetes as well.

If diabetic, pre-surgery glucose control is needed, as well as in-surgery insulin preparations.

If a patient undergoes surgery while blood circulation is limited because of cholesterol, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary arterial diseases or other illnesses, he or she will experience heart malfunctions that can lead to catastrophic results.

Test categories:
T. cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CK-MB, lipoprotein, etc.

Cholesterol and high-sensitivity creactive protein tests can predict heart diseases, and muscle enzyme level can be checked for recent heart damage: these various tests allow for safer surgery.

Test categories:
GOT, GPT, LDH, CPK, CK-MB, troponin-T (TNT), Hs-CRP, T-cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, etc.

If arthritis is present in the jaw joint or the cervical vertebrae, tube insertion through the throat for anesthesia can be difficult. Moreover, the medicine may interfere with recovery and may increase inflammation after surgery if the patient is taking medication for rheumatoid arthritis or gout: control is necessary.

Other than arthritis or gout, the patient is comprehensively checked for liver function and nutrition as well.

Test categories:
Uric acid, ALP, Ca, P, RA, CRP, T. protein, albumin, creatinine, etc.

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped internal secretion organ located just under the Adam’s apple and is often 15–20 g in weight. Thyroid disease is a hormonal malfunction: something that a physician must treat.

Excess or insufficient thyroid hormone can have negative effects on the cardiovascular system: pre-surgery test/treatment and in-surgery precaution are necessary.

Test categories:
T3, T4, TSH, FT4

The patient is checked and treated for various infectious diseases (e.g., syphilis, AIDS, hepatitis A and B, etc.) before the surgery. The test also allows the clinic to prepare for any in-surgery infection.

Test categories:
HBsAG, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, AIDS, VDRL, TPHA, FTA-ABS IgG, FTA-ABS IgM, RA, CRP, anti-Hbe, etc.